By Le Ren April,15,2019

Visionary leadership is a style of leading others. “Ngai tahu’s dream is to have visionary and consistent leadership. Their goal is to have transparent, effective trusted tribal governance of their assets and tribal development journey.” (Ngai tahu.) “Vision is the foundation that allows the organization to flourish for goal achievement. Awareness of the organizational vision provides a directional compass for each contributor within the organization to follow.” Florida S.(2015).This style of leadership is very important to the company. Leaders are the core strength of the organization. When a visionary leader emerges, it will have a great encouragement to the organization. Their organizations unite and work together around a shared vision. This consistency gives the team a competitive advantage. This consistency gives the team a competitive advantage. Their organization unit around a shared vision. 

Visionary leadership is a style of leading others. “Ngai tahu’s dream is to have visionary and consistent leadership. Their goal is to have transparent, effective trusted tribal governance of their assets and tribal development journey.” (Ngai tahu) . This style of leadership is very important to the company. Leaders are the core strength of the organization. When a visionary leader emerges, it will have a great encouragement to the organization. Their organizations unite and work together around a shared vision. This consistency gives the team a competitive advantage. This consistency gives the team a competitive advantage. Their organization unit around a shared vision. 

A visionary leader brings cohesion to employees and organizations. In the face of some difficulties, they can clearly see the future development trends and trends, and deliver clear future goals to employees. A visionary leader can not be affected by setbacks, but instead analyze the results of the cause of the incident and explain the impact.

Since its inception, TeRūnanga has invested $320 million in the tribal vision. About $30 million is invested annually for social, cultural, environmental and political activities. Of course, the vision and ambition of the organization is far greater than their budget. Through direct distribution, project development and a talented professional team, TeRūnanga led a series of tribal development plans to benefit Papatipu Rūnanga.

This shows that forward-looking leaders drive Ngai tahu to develop better.

Participative leadership Participatory leadership is a management style that collects employee opinions on a regular basis or invites tribes and branch offices to attend meetings. The company is transparent to its employees, and the staff can understand the company’s problems and vote for a solution.（George N. Root III,2019)

“Ngai tahu’s goal is to have transparent, effective trusted tribal governance of our assets and tribal development journey.”(Ngai tahu）The purpose of transparency to the tribe is to increase tribal participation.The purpose of transparency to the tribe is to increase the participation of the tribe. Reducing the disruption that can be caused by excessive competition.

“Rather than seeing their peers as competitors, workers see their coworkers as associates working towards common goals that will benefit everyone.”(George N. Root III.2019)

When you encourage employees to comment on company issues, you get a variety of solutions to choose from. Ngai tahu not only collects opinions internally, but also accepts the ideas of external students. Employees are involved in the company’s decision-making process and employees must be closely involved in the company’s operations. At the same time, you can strengthen your familiarity with your management. Participatory leadership enables employees to use their creativity to develop more efficient workflows and increase company productivity

Managers can consider employee decisions, but ultimately, decisions made by managers may or may not include employee preferences. Managers can not only understand the ideas and opinions of the staff, but also the staff can work with the managers to make decisions.

Managers can also adopt a mixed management system to improve management effectiveness.

Behavioral Leadership Theory

Leadership behavior theory can be explained as their research object is the behavior of the leader. Researchers believe that leadership behavior is the most important, and it is the best predictor of the impact of his leadership on the most critical factors affecting leadership. (Behavioral Leadership Theory.(2019).)

Laissez-faire leadership, also known as delegative leadership, is a type of leadership style. In some cases, the laissez-faire leadership style can promote the maximum use of employees. On some specific tasks, the leaders have very little guidance and the followers are completely free to make decisions. To a large extent, employees are dissatisfied with leader decisions. Leaders provide employees with the tools and resources they need to help them when necessary, and team members are expected to solve problems themselves. Members will also do their best to complete the task in the direction that the leader is looking forward to. It also brings the relationship between leaders and members closer. Although some of the power is given to employees, leaders are still responsible for group decisions and actions. Does not affect the leader’s leadership.

Contingency Leadership Theory

The contingency theory raises the view that the success of a leader depends on the specific situation at hand. Existing factors have a major impact on the results（2017，n.a.)

Proficiency levels include the inability or unwillingness to perform tasks, as well as the willingness and ability to express. When a successful leader emerges, he will be willing to use his own leadership methods and methods suitable for organizational problem solving.

Tuckman

In 1965, Bruce Tuckman first proposed the team development model that formed the storm specification. They said that these stages are necessary and inevitable. These stages can help the team solve problems and complete the goals. Next the group starts to sort itself out and gain each other’s trust. After that, they accept others as they are and make an effort to move on. Team members are now competent, autonomous and able to handle the decision-making process without supervision. They can overcome difficulties and achieve the desired goals.

In the early days of Ngai tahu, there will be some internal comparisons and competitions. When the team encounters difficulties, the internals begin to accept each other, overcome the difficulties and tide over the difficulties together.

Situational Leadership 

Situational leadership theory, the situational leadership model, is a model that is applicable to the development of organizational behavior management. You can’t participate in management in a single way, and you need to find a suitable way to manage according to the situation. The leader is still the focus of management. In the first phase, it shows high directive and low supportive behavior; in the second phase, it is usually expressed as high directive and high supportive behavior；In the third stage, it shows high supportive and low directive behavior; In the fourth stage, it presents low supportive and low directive behavior.

This theory is a good example of the changes in the instructional and supportive nature of an organization from the beginning of its management to management. For example, when Ngai tahu established a new planning organization, members began the first phase of evolution to the fourth stage. The second stage is when the enthusiasm is highest.

A visionary leader brings cohesion to employees and organizations. In the face of some difficulties, they can clearly see the future development trends and trends, and deliver clear future goals to employees. A visionary leader can not be affected by setbacks, but instead analyze the results of the cause of the incident and explain the impact.

Since its inception, TeRūnanga has invested $320 million in the tribal vision. About $30 million is invested annually for social, cultural, environmental and political activities. Of course, the vision and ambition of the organization is far greater than their budget. Through direct distribution, project development and a talented professional team, TeRūnanga led a series of tribal development plans to benefit Papatipu Rūnanga.

This shows that forward-looking leaders drive Ngai tahu to develop better.

“Participative leadership is a managerial style that invites input from employees on all or most company decisions. The staff is given pertinent information regarding company issues, and a majority vote determines the course of action the company will take.”（George N. Root III,2019)

“Ngai tahu’s goal is to have transparent, effective trusted tribal governance of our assets and tribal development journey.”(Ngai tahu）The purpose of transparency to the tribe is to increase tribal participation.The purpose of transparency to the tribe is to increase the participation of the tribe. Reducing the disruption that can be caused by excessive competition.

“Rather than seeing their peers as competitors, workers see their coworkers as associates working towards common goals that will benefit everyone.”(George N. Root III.2019)

When you encourage employees to comment on company issues, you get a variety of solutions to choose from. Ngai tahu not only collects opinions internally, but also accepts the ideas of external students. Employees are involved in the company’s decision-making process and employees must be closely involved in the company’s operations. At the same time, you can strengthen your familiarity with your management. Participatory leadership enables employees to use their creativity to develop more efficient workflows and increase company productivity

Managers can consider employee decisions, but ultimately, decisions made by managers may or may not include employee preferences.In addition to asking their subordinates for their ideas and opinions, management and subordinates must make a joint decision.

There is no management law that requires managers to choose one and only one management method. Choose the appropriate level of participation based on the size of your business.

Behavioral Leadership Theory

“Behavioral theories of leadership are classified as such because they focus on the study of specific behaviors of a leader. For behavioral theorists, a leader behavior is the best predictor of his leadership influences and as a result, is the best determinant of his or her leadership success.” (Behavioral Leadership Theory.(2019).)

Laissez-faire leadership, also known as delegative leadership, is a type of leadership style. In some cases, the laissez-faire leadership style can promote the maximum use of employees. On some specific tasks, the leaders have very little guidance and the followers are completely free to make decisions. To a large extent, employees are dissatisfied with leader decisions. Leaders provide employees with the tools and resources they need to help them when necessary, and team members are expected to solve problems themselves. Members will also do their best to complete the task in the direction that the leader is looking forward to. It also brings the relationship between leaders and members closer. Although some of the power is given to employees, leaders are still responsible for group decisions and actions. Does not affect the leader’s leadership.

Contingency Leadership Theory

“Contingency theories put forth the idea that the success of a leader hinges on the specific situation at hand.”（2017，n.a.) “Certain factors come into play that define whether a particular leader or leadership style will be effective for the given situation. Those factors include the task, the personality of the leader and the composition of the group that is meant to be led. Its basic assumption is that leadership – success or failure – is situational. Fiedler’s theory puts forth the idea that effective leadership hinges not only on the style used by the leader, but also on the control held over the situation.”( Leadership and The Contingency Theory.(2015).)

The maturity levels range from an incompetence or unwillingness to perform the task, to a willingness and ability to perform.  The idea is that a successful leader will adapt leadership techniques to fit the maturity level of the group in question on a situational basis.

Tuckman

In 1965, Bruce Tuckman first proposed the team development model that formed the storm specification. They said that these stages are necessary and inevitable. These stages can help the team solve problems and complete the goals. Next the group starts to sort itself out and gain each other’s trust. After that, they accept others as they are and make an effort to move on. Team members are now competent, autonomous and able to handle the decision-making process without supervision. They can overcome difficulties and achieve the desired goals.

In the early days of Ngai tahu, there will be some internal comparisons and competitions. When the team encounters difficulties, the internals begin to accept each other, overcome the difficulties and tide over the difficulties together.

Situational Leadership 

Situational Leadership Theory, or the Situational Leadership Model, is a model created by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, developed while working on Management of Organizational Behavior. In the first phase, it shows high directive and low supportive behavior; in the second phase, it is usually expressed as high directive and high supportive behavior；In the third stage, it shows high supportive and low directive behavior; In the fourth stage, it presents low supportive and low directive behavior.

This theory is a good example of the changes in the instructional and supportive nature of an organization from the beginning of its management to management. For example, when Ngai tahu established a new planning organization, members began the first phase of evolution to the fourth stage. The second stage is when the enthusiasm is highest.

Definition of the leadership style:

“Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. As seen by the employees, it includes the total pattern of explicit and implicit actions performed by their leader.” (Newstrom, Davis, 1993).

Features of Leadership:

1.Influence the behaviour of others

2.Inter-personal process

3.Attainment of common organizational goals

4.Continuous process

5.Group proces

6.Dependent on the situation

Leadership style.(2019).

A lot of theories are summarized above, and the leadership style of Ngai tahu CEO shows in the data that the new leadership style will be injected into the team. In the past, it has invested a lot of energy in developing regional goals. Leaders have clear plans and directions for the future, and extend the scope of development beyond the company to find more people to work with. While making changes, it also emphasizes that you cannot lose yourself. She also proposed more dialogues and connections to make people the driving force of their wishes. She has the opportunity to express her relative freedom to the organization. She is a very visionary leader. Leading Ngai tahu with a visionary leadership style.

Hypothetical scenario

Ngai tahu is New Zealand’s largest tourism organization. With the increase in popularity, there will be many tourists coming to experience, and it is obvious that there will be many overseas tourists. Hypothetical scenario: One day, Ngai Tahu’s tourism organization is facing an increase in tourists and needs to create new market projects to meet the needs of a large number of overseas tourists.

At this point, the leader needs to provide a planning team for the program to provide resources, trends and encouragement to the members. And give them the power to make decisions during planning. In this context, the level of innovation of program members will be enhanced, and key drivers will influence organizational strategy. When planners make good planning, it can reflect that leaders can influence organizational goals.

“The leadership qualities that influence the achievement of goals include the ability to create a clear vision, the ability to understand organizational culture, the ability to focus on performance development, and the ability to encourage innovation.”( Florida S.2015). These four qualities mention that the ability to encourage innovation affects the achievement of goals. What is shown in this hypothetical scenario is that if other conditions are met, if the leadership style is free enough to give the members the space and resources to play, the members give better results. Even in many cases you can try this leadership style, you can get different wonderful results.

Reference 

Behavioral Leadership Theory.( 2019).Retrieved from https://www.leadership-central.com/behavioral-theories.html

Leadership and The Contingency Theory.(2015).Retrieved from https://www.villanovau.com/resources/leadership/leadership-and-contingency-theory/

Leadership.(1997).Retrieved from https://ngaitahu.iwi.nz/te-runanga-o-ngai-tahu/leadership/

Investing in our tribal future.(1997).Retrieved from https://ngaitahu.iwi.nz/te-runanga-o-ngai-tahu/leadership/investing-in-our-tribal-future/

 Florida S.(2015).Leaders Influence Team Performance and Goal Achievement Retrieved from https://aboutleaders.com/leaders-influence-team-performance-and-goal-achievement/#gs.5bx33n

Leadership style.(2019).Retrieved from https://accountlearning.com/leadership-style-meaning-characteristics-of-leadership-style/

George N. Root III,(2019).Participative leadership.Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-participative-leadership-17629.html

Student leadership.(2017.n.a.) Retrieved from https://graceland.libguides.com/c.php?g=477200&p=4567375

Florida S.2015.Leaders Influence Team Performance and Goal Achievement Retrieved from https://aboutleaders.com/leaders-influence-team-performance-and-goal-achievement/#gs.51x2hc

Yajun Feng April，13，2019

1.two theories of Ngai Tahu management of their organisation 

• Transformational Leadership

Leadership makes employees aware of the importance of work through the appeal of personalized care. Under good leadership, employees make correspondingly high commitments to leaders, and work harder to achieve the goals by putting their best performance.

EXAMPLE

Changing leadership is more appropriate when the organization needs a lot of change. Ngai tahu is basically an outdoor travel company, so the climate is going to be a major factor affecting tourists’ travel plans. So far, the growth of some major plant species has been affected and the economic development of the tribe has changed as a result of various outdoor tourism activities (Ngai Tahu 2017). After discovering the problem, the leaders decided that some improvements needed to be made, so they asked tribal experts to meet with Ngai Tahu to develop a new plan for these problems and get involved. When funds are available, new technologies will be used to optimize the plan. For example, guided walking is a walking tour that requires visitors to walk to the sound areas of Queenstown and milford. During this time, the most important thing is the weather. This is the focus of the leaders, so the leaders give the tour guides some control, and the tour guides make new walking plans, or continue to carry out their own plans according to the opinions of tourists, and keep innovating. Tour guides need to explore the latest routes to reduce passengers’ worries about the weather. After that, Ngai Tahu invented a system that collects heat from rainwater and wastewater to treat water more efficiently. In response to these changes, Ngai Tahu has implemented transformational leadership.

• Democratic Leadership:

Leaders in the Democratic approach focus on reaching consensus through participation, regularly inviting employees to meet, actively collecting their opinions, and rewarding active people. The democratic leader rarely punishes the employee, so the leader normally receives support and respect.

EXAMPLES

Ngai Tahu operates more democratically. In order to give people more information about Ngai Tahu, leaders built a vod station called Tahu FM (Ngai Tahu, 2017). Most Iwi members listen to the latest news about lake naita every day. The main purpose of this radio station is to understand the views of Maori and tribal people and to promote relations with them. In addition, there are television stations, but the viewing data show that the audience is mainly in favor of radio reception. By 2017, with the tide of the people, the leader decided to use the more popular way, Ngai Tahu set up the live streaming function (Ngai Tahu，2017). In the process of live broadcasting, the audience can directly watch the scene, give detailed explanations, timely collect the opinions of the majority of the audience, or directly answer the questions of the audience. In the process of live broadcasting, managers can also directly ask the audience how they feel in this way. Let the audience more quickly participate in the construction of scenic spots or tourist routes to give the most appropriate answers. During this period, the staff will record all the information and submit it to the leaders. Not only to meet the needs of tourists, but also to complete the construction plan.（Ngai Tahu ，2017).

2.two leadership theories and two group work throries

• Path-goal leadership：

The path goal is a theory based on the leader’s own behavior or style. It is the goal of the staff environment and the employees themselves, in order to improve the enthusiasm of employees and their satisfaction，in order to improve the enthusiasm of employees and their satisfaction.（Northouse 2013.）

EXAMPLE

Overcoming obstacles is a particular concern of this approach. The leadership will give the employee partial control and determine the premise of the goal, but if a special situation is encountered, the final decision is leadership control. Just like Ngai Tahu’s live broadcast platform, the questions asked by the audience are usually the most basic knowledge questions, but some of the visitors who have already experienced will ask deeper questions, including recent travel routes and experiences, maybe Will hope to improve the attractions facilities and walking plans, employees will be in a state of paralysis in the live broadcast process, these proposals will be reported to the management, management needs to discuss and provide solutions to overcome difficulties.

• Contingency theory

The contingency theory is worth noting that the management methods of leaders are not the same, and the most appropriate management methods should be adopted according to the latest situation of enterprises.

Mark,k.&Yvonne,S(2005.)

EXAMPLE

Ngai Tahu is a company that operates with different management methods, from bureaucratic theory to democratic leadership to transformational leadership, using the most appropriate management methods in different situations. For example, bureaucratic theory is generally managed by Ngai Tahu. The leadership directly issues orders, and subordinates should do their own work and have a clear division of labor. Transformational leadership will be the future thinking of Ngai Tahu leaders. Leaders will let subordinates pay attention to this work and promise to complete the work to achieve the desired results, and the leaders will actively join the team, thus winning the staff. Trust and support. This applies to tourist attractions companies owned by Ngai Tahu.

• Tuckman’s leadership 

This goup work style suggests that as the team matures during the leadership process, the leadership style will gradually change, from instructing employees how to work, to participating in the work together, to delegating the work to them. This is a process that makes subordinates go from independent to dependent on the leader, and finally to complete by themselves.(Doug,R,2017.)

EXAMPLE

The strategy team at Ngai Tahu began receiving some of the more difficult proposals（Ngai Tahu，2017）. At first the team members are not clear about the individual role or responsibility of fundraising, and the leader helps the team members to organize their thoughts and define their goals. When consensus is reached, leaders are generally respected. Gradually, the team members will share the existing achievements with the leader, and the leader will promote and realize them. Finally, they will form a pattern that they can solve independently, because the team has a common vision, mainly because the team has made most decisions with the leader before.

• Situational leadership

This group work style is where leaders change according to the maturity of their subordinates and choose the right leadership style to succeed.(Leigh A,2019.)

EXAMPLE

In the large group of Ngai Tahu, there will be some new members to join, and these members’ experience base is basically zero, which means that they cannot be managed by conventional management methods. Therefore, during this period, leaders need to constantly pay attention to these new members and constantly change their management methods.

3.CEO Ariha Bennett–leadership style and describe this theory

Definition: In the decision-making process, democratic leaders are more likely to let employees make decisions together, hold group meetings on a regular basis, and listen to opinions in a variety of ways.

feature:

· All decisions are not made by the leader alone, and both the leader and the subordinate will make a decision.

· Leaders actively participate in group activities and are relatively close to the spiritual distance of their subordinates, and encourage employees to make more comments.

• Encourage creative or active employees during discussions and seldom take punitive measures to allow employees to support and respect leaders.

（Kendra Cherry，2018)。

benefit:

· More creative and creative solutions.

· It takes honesty as a top priority.

· Establish a basic relationship between the team and be more harmonious.

· It can be applied to almost any business decision.

Disadvantage

· Everyone’s opinions are not uniform, and it takes a long time to process decisions.

· Leaders will hesitate because of too many opinions.

• After a failed decision, it will have an impact on the idea and put pressure on the team because the decision is made by everyone.

· Impair the independence of employees, which may lead to undetected talent.

（Olive Miller，2017.）

4.create a hypothetical scenario 

Ngai Tahu purchased a helicopter for the glacier scenic spot, planning to bring a better experience for tourists, and wants to enhance this part of the experience in the future compared with the original helicopter experience.

Ngai Tahu purchased a helicopter for the glacier scenic spot,（Dasha Kuprienko，2018） planning to bring a better experience for tourists, and wants to enhance this part of the experience in the future compared with the original helicopter experience.

Leadership attention to tourists aboard a helicopter, far more than walking on the glacier has a rich experience, so leaders need to develop new programs to meet the needs of tourists, the way of using the theory of change, they introduced a better, more comfortable, safer helicopter service for tourists, let visitors to achieve satisfactory results, and feel better experience.

REFERENCE

1.Ngai Tahu (2017).Retrieved from https://ngaitahu.iwi.nz/investment/ngai-tahu-annual-reports/2017-annual-report/

2.Mind Tools Content Team.n.d.Transformational leadership Retrieved from https:// www.mindtools.com/pages/article/transformational- leadership .htm

3.Kendra,Cherry.2018.Democratic Leadership.Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-democratic-leadership-2795315

4.Northouse. 2013.Path Goal Leadership Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/lead_path_goal.html

5.Linda Oakleaf.n.d.Contingency theory .Retrieved from https://oer.missouriwestern.edu/rsm424/chapter/contingency-theory-of-leadership/

6.Doug,R,2017.Tuckman’s theory.Retrieved from https://the-happy-manager.com/articles/teamwork-theory/

7.Leigh A,2019.Situational theory.Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/define-situational-leadership-2976.html

8. Dasha Kuprienko.2018.Ngai Tahu News.Retrieved from https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/82940138/ngai-tahu-buys-queenstowns-top-helicopter-business